Impact of variable exhaust valve timing on diesel engine characteristics fueled with waste cooking oil biofuel blends: A numerical analysis

The quantity of the conventional sources energy such as petroleum, coal, and deposits hydrocarbon are limited in nature. rapid growth is observed industrial transportation section due to increase population that has compelled mankind look for an alternative fuels. Biodiesel can be a potential substitute its ease availability, accessibility, lower cost, nontoxic characteristics. In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) feedstock biodiesel abundance low prices chosen. It been high have people reuse it multiple times, which negative health consequences inflammation, cholesterol issues, diabetes, cancer. However, if obtain WCO at reasonable they will refrain from reusing repeatedly. This article presents numerical method investigates effects variable exhaust valve timing on performance, emissions, combustion parameters different blends mechanical fuel injection system diesel. study was conducted using single-cylinder, water-cooled, in-line diesel engine running constant speed. As, not possible determine values timings experimentally, adopted. range taken 46–66° before bottom dead center (BDC) opening 6–20° after top (TDC) closing inlet 16° b TDC 33° BDC, respectively.